Feb 20,2024
Shoreline erosion and land loss are significant problems that can affect shipping ports. Shoreline erosion usually happens due to storms and construction activities near the shoreline, making the waterfront too shallow or too deep. Coastal land loss also affects the fishing industry. Moreover, the high tide causes the sand to shift, affecting the foundations of houses built along the shoreline. Due to this, the entire settlement has to be moved to another location.
Whether it is the bank of a river or the shoreline of an ocean, human activity and the forces of nature can shift the landscape. The ocean tides or river flow causes the sand and silt to be deposited at the bottom, which reduces the depth of the riverbed or seabed. This can also affect the docking of the ships as the ship's bottom can get stuck in the sand. Hence, the silt and sand must be removed from the river bottom to make way for the vessel. A shallow bed also means that fish cannot thrive and lose their habitat. This silt removal is known as dredging.
An essential part of dredging is the dewatering process. This consists of removing water from sand or soil so that only solid particles are left. Geotubes are particularly crucial for the dewatering process.
Geotubes are bags that are shaped like a tube, and these bags are installed along the shoreline. They help separate solid sand particles from the sand-mixed water from waves and river currents. The result is that only clear water without soil or sand returns to the ocean or river. This reduces soil erosion and keeps the shoreline boundary stable.
The tubes are constructed from a semi-permeable fabric that is durable and tough to withstand the elements. This enables the water to be drained while the sand is held back.
Geotubes are a fantastic solution for shoreline erosion protection. These tubes are manufactured from a durable synthetic woven fabric that can be chosen in various shades to bend in with the surroundings. These tubes are flexible enough to be used in different arrangements, such as shore erosion protection, breakwater walls, or reef-like protection barriers. Let us look at each type of project that incorporates various arrangements.
In this project, the breakwater tubes are placed against the shoreline. The geotextile tubes then trap the sand, and since they are along the coastline, they prevent further erosion. These breakwater tubes are tough enough to withstand elements and prolonged exposure to sunlight, so they do not wear out quickly. Moreover, the color of these breakwater tubes can be altered to match the natural landscape so they do not stand out as an artificial structure.
This project emphasizes making the shoreline solid by making the mud bank rigid, and geotubes are ideal for this. The tubes act as a wall. Once they become filled with sediment, they are stable enough to tolerate wave pressure.
In this arrangement, the geotubes filled with sand are stacked on top of each other to stabilize the shore. This makes a tall wall more effective in stabilizing the shore during rough weather like thunderstorms and hurricanes.
This is the most common arrangement project where geotubes line the beachfront house or accommodation to reduce the impact of crashing waves. Such breakwater tubes are alternatively known as jetties.
Another type of geotextile application is as a reef protection barrier. In this arrangement, geotubes serve as makeshift reefs to reduce the intensity of waves near shorelines. Breakwater geotubes mimic reef structures and retain sediment, preserving nourishing sand for ecosystems. Utilizing geotextile tubes for coastal defense safeguards beachfront properties against waves and erosion.
The first step involves selecting the correct ground surface to place the geotube on. The ground should be free from debris and stones and completely flat. If there are stones and debris, they need to be obliterated.
A geotube must be fixed in a particular position to catch water perfectly. The geotube can be fixed in position by using support equipment like straps and cradles.
A filled geotube has a height of 150 millimeters. The height is measured between the base and the average top of the filled tube.
If the specified height has not been reached, then it means that the geotube has room to be filled with more dredged debris. However, an incorrect height may also result if the tube has been damaged and the material spills from somewhere. So the geotube should be replaced. Stuffing the tube beyond its capacity will only mean a failure in its structural integrity, and it can tear.
The tube should have been supported at fixed points to prevent it from moving by the force of water. This is done through the anchor tubes positioned on the edges of the scour apron to fasten the tube to the foundation.
The endpoints of the tubes are supposed to overlap when they connect, so there are no gaps. The scour apron corners should also overlap so the rube fabric does not rub against the bare ground.
In conclusion, utilizing Geo Tubes in shoreline stabilization projects represents a robust coordination between engineering innovation and environmental conservation. Through their ability to mitigate wave energy, promote beach nourishment, and adapt to diverse coastal conditions, Geo Tubes emerge as versatile and practical tools in the ongoing battle against shoreline erosion.